Waveform distortions are common power problems that cause equipment to malfunction and sources of power to overload. It is an unexpected change in the waveforms of current and voltage as they pass through a device. There are five main types of waveform distortions: DC offset, harmonics, interharmonics, notching and noise.
DC offsets are instances where direct current (DC) overlaps an alternating current (AC) distribution system. This overlapping of two different types of current can cause overheating in the equipment.
Harmonics occur when some loads affect the main waveform of voltage. In this situation, the new loads prevent the waveform from reaching its highest and lowest levels. Harmonics can cause circuit breakers to trip and transformers to overheat.
Interharmonics is a condition where a signal affects the main voltage waveform. It can cause display monitors to flicker and equipment to overheat. Interharmonics can also cause communication issues.
Notching is an intermittent disturbance that can affect voltage. It normally happens when light dimmers or arc welders are being used. It results in data loss and issues with the transmission of data.
Noise is any unnecessary current or voltage affecting the waveform of the main power supply. This waveform distortion can cause data issues and equipment to malfunction.
The effects of waveform distortion can be reduced through the use of an uninterruptible power supply (UPS) and filter equipment. Line conditioners can also be used to minimize the effect of this power problem. Reducing the load used on a transformer can also help reduce waveform distortion. Relocating equipment causing this common power problem can also help prevent it from happening.
References:
http://ecmweb.com/content/voltage-waveform-distortion-causes-effects-cures
http://www.dictionaryofengineering.com/definition/waveform-distortion.html
http://www.apcmedia.com/salestools/VAVR-5WKLPK/VAVR-5WKLPK_R1_EN.pdf?sdirect=true
https://www.tripplite.com/shared/literature/White-Paper/Common-Power-Problems-and-Power-Protection-Solutions-White-Paper-EN.pdf
https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/6-common-power-problems-ted-ochieng-otieno-cem-?forceNoSplash=truehttps://www.captech.com.au/2016/05/06/common-issues-with-power-supply/